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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(12): e7526, 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974255

ABSTRACT

It has been previously demonstrated that the hemodynamic effect induced by angiotensin II (AII) in the liver was completely abolished by losartan while glucose release was partially affected by losartan. Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and adrenergic (∝1- and β-) receptors (AR) belong to the G-proteins superfamily, which signaling promote glycogen breakdown and glucose release. Interactive relationship between AR and AT1-R was shown after blockade of these receptors with specific antagonists. The isolated perfused rat liver was used to study hemodynamic and metabolic responses induced by AII and adrenaline (Adr) in the presence of AT1 (losartan) and ∝1-AR and β-AR antagonists (prazosin and propranolol). All antagonists diminished the hemodynamic response induced by Adr. Losartan abolished hemodynamic response induced by AII, and AR antagonists had no effect when used alone. When combined, the antagonists caused a decrease in the hemodynamic response. The metabolic response induced by Adr was mainly mediated by ∝1-AR. A significant decrease in the hemodynamic response induced by Adr caused by losartan confirmed the participation of AT1-R. The metabolic response induced by AII was impaired by propranolol, indicating the participation of β-AR. When both ARs were blocked, the hemodynamic and metabolic responses were impaired in a cumulative effect. These results suggested that both ARs might be responsible for AII effects. This possible cross-talk between β-AR and AT1-R signaling in the hepatocytes has yet to be investigated and should be considered in the design of specific drugs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/physiology , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology , Glucose/metabolism , Hypertension, Portal/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Propranolol/pharmacology , Time Factors , Prazosin/pharmacology , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology , Losartan/pharmacology , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/drug effects , Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hemodynamics/physiology , Liver/drug effects
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 40(3): 343-348, Mar. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-441767

ABSTRACT

Animal studies and premarketing clinical trials have revealed hepatotoxicity of statins, primarily minor elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase levels. The combined chronic use of medicines and eventual ethanol abuse are common and may present a synergistic action regarding liver injury. Our objective was to study the effect of the chronic use of atorvastatin associated with acute ethanol administration on the liver in a rat model. One group of rats was treated daily for 5 days a week for 2 months with 0.8 mg/kg atorvastatin by gavage. At the end of the treatment the livers were perfused with 72 mM ethanol for 60 min. Control groups (at least 4 animals in each group) consisted of a group of 2-month-old male Wistar EPM-1 rats exposed to 10 percent ethanol (v/v) ad libitum replacing water for 2 months, followed by perfusion of the liver with 61 nM atorvastatin for 60 min, and a group of animals without chronic ethanol treatment whose livers were perfused with atorvastatin and/or ethanol. The combination of atorvastatin with ethanol did not increase the release of injury marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactic dehydrogenase) from the liver and no change in liver function markers (bromosulfophthalein clearance, and oxygen consumption) was observed. Our results suggest that the combination of atorvastatin with ethanol is not more hepatotoxic than the separate use of each substance.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Ethanol/toxicity , Heptanoic Acids/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Pyrroles/toxicity , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Drug Synergism , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Heptanoic Acids/administration & dosage , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Liver Function Tests , Liver/enzymology , Liver/pathology , Oxygen Consumption , Perfusion , Pyrroles/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Sulfobromophthalein/pharmacokinetics
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 33(1): 119-25, Jan. 2000. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-252265

ABSTRACT

We have shown that tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasma kallikrein share a common pathway for liver clearance and that the hepatic clearance rate of plasma kallikrein increases during the acute-phase (AP) response. We now report the clearance of tPA from the circulation and by the isolated, exsanguinated and in situ perfused rat liver during the AP response (48-h ex-turpentine treatment). For the sake of comparison, the hepatic clearance of a tissue kallikrein and thrombin was also studied. We verified that, in vivo, the clearance of 125I-tPA from the circulation of turpentine-treated rats (2.2 + or - 0.2 ml/min, N = 7) decreases significantly (P = 0.016) when compared to normal rats (3.2 + or - 0.3 ml/min, N = 6). The AP response does not modify the tissue distribution of administered 125I-tPA and the liver accounts for most of the 125I-tPA (>80 percent) cleared from the circulation. The clearance rate of tPA by the isolated and perfused liver of turpentine-treated rats (15.5 + or - 1.3 µg/min, N = 4) was slower (P = 0.003) than the clearance rate by the liver of normal rats (22.5 + or - 0.7 µg/min, N = 10). After the inflammatory stimulus and additional Kupffer cell ablation (GdCl3 treatment), tPA was cleared by the perfused liver at 16.2 + or - 2.4 µg/min (N = 5), suggesting that Kupffer cells have a minor influence on the hepatic tPA clearance during the AP response. In contrast, hepatic clearance rates of thrombin and pancreatic kallikrein were not altered during the AP response. These results contribute to explaining why the thrombolytic efficacy of tPA does not correlate with the dose administered


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acute-Phase Reaction/enzymology , Liver/enzymology , Thrombin/pharmacokinetics , Tissue Kallikreins/blood , Tissue Kallikreins/pharmacokinetics , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/metabolism , Kupffer Cells/metabolism , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Perfusion , Rats, Wistar , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/blood
4.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 45(3): 206-16, jul.-set. 1999. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-241198

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Revisão da filogênese e ontogênese hepáticas, do sistema microvascular hepático e da modulação do tônus deste sistema vascular por diferentes substâncias vasoativas. Método. Levantamento de artigos por meio do sistema Medline e consulta a livros-texto. Resultado. Foram selecionados 52 trabalhos publicados entre 1949, dos quais retiramos as informações a respeito de filogênese e ontogênese hepáticas, sistema microvascular hepático e mecanismos de controle do tônus vascular hepático. Conclusão. O fígado possui sistema vascular altamente especializado na promoção de mecanismos de troca entre hepatócitos e sangue. Diferentes fatores atuam continuamente sobre estruturas contrácteis deste sistema vascular adequando a perfusão do tecido hepático às necessidades homeostáticas de cada momento. O fígado é órgão eminentemente mantenedor do meio interno.


Subject(s)
Humans , Liver/blood supply , Liver/physiology , Vasodilator Agents , Angiotensin II/physiology , Bradykinin/physiology , Endothelins/physiology , Epoprostenol/physiology , Homeostasis/physiology , Microcirculation , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Phylogeny
5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 45(1): 19-23, jan.-mar. 1999. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-233204

ABSTRACT

Objetivo - Ofígado inativa quantidades consideráveis de bradicinina; a principal enzima hepática cinino-inativadora (BIE, bradykinin inativating endopeptidase) hidrolisa especificamente a ligaçao Phe-Ser do nonapeptídio e foi caracterizada como sendo a oligoendopeptidase EC 3.4. 24.15. No transplante ortotópico de fígado existe correlaçao entre aumento da concentraçao de aminoácidos no líquido de preservaçao (conseqUência de proteólise) e falência do enxerto. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se ocorre liberaçao da BIE de fígados preservados ex-vivo no líquido Braun-Collins ou em soluçao de Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonato (Krebs). Método. Fígado de ratos Wistar (180-220g) foram exsangüinados e a pós remoçao foram preservados em líquido Braun Collins ou em soluçao Krebs, a 4 graus Celsius. Foram retiradas alíquotas do líquido de preservaçao nos tempos 0, 4, 8 e 24 horas, para dosagem de ALT, AST, DHL e BIE. A atividade fluorimétrica da BIE foi ensaiada com o substrato Abz-RPPGFSPFRQ-EDDnp (análogo sintético da bradicinina) e sua presença confirmada por immunoblotting, revelado com anticorpo específico anti-EC 3.4.24.15. Resultados. A liberaçao de ALT, AST, DHL e BIE é significativa no período 8-24 hs. Nas alíquotas de 24 hs, em relaçao ao tempo zero, a concentraçao das quatro enzimas aumentou, respectivamente, no líquido Braun Collins, 8, 7, 19 e 10 vezes e, na soluçao de Krebs, 21, 17, 27 e 21 vezes; a relaçao ALT/DHL foi sempre inferior a um. Conclusao. Ocorre liberaçao de BIE durante a preservaçao ex-vivo do fígado, o que poderá servir como indicaçao da condiçao de preservaçao do enxerto; diminuiçao da capacidade cinino-inativadora do fígado poderá afetar sua reatividade vascular.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Bradykinin/antagonists & inhibitors , Endopeptidases/metabolism , Endopeptidases/pharmacology , Liver/enzymology , Immunoblotting , Organ Preservation , Rats, Wistar
6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 43(3): 189-94, jul.-set. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-201482

ABSTRACT

A deficiência de antitrombina III (ATIII) é observada na hepatopatia grave e pode ser decorrente da reduçäo de síntese ou de consumo aumentado, o que poderia ser compensado com o uso de concentrado de ATIII. OBJETIVO. Avaliar a eficiência da administraçäo de uma dose fixa de concentrado de ATIII, em pacientes com hepatopatia descompensada com distúrbio de hemostasia. CASUISTICA E MÉTODO. Foram avaliados seis pacientes, com idade média de 44 anos, variando de 14 a 63 anos, portadores de cirrose (quatro de etiologia alcoólica, um viral e um doença de Wilson), com alteraçäo de pelo menos dois dos parâmetros da hemostasia (TP> 1,40, TTPA> 1,25, fibrinogênio < 1,5g/L, plaquetas < 80.000/mm3). A média do nível de albumina foi de 2,6g/dL (1,9 a 3,8g/dL). O concentrado de ATIII (Kybernin) foi administrado na dose de 50U/kg, em dias alternados. Foi colhido sangue antes da primeira infusäo, 4 horas após e, depois, diariamente, antes da infusäo do dia, para medida da ATIII plasmática (amidolítico). Nenhum paciente recebeu hemoderivados. RESULTADOS. As médias da dosagem de ATIII foram: inicial = 35,8 por cento, 4 horas = 56,2 por cento*, 2 dias = 48,7 por cento*, 4 dias = 45,7 por cento* e 8 dias = 42,3 por cento*. Após a infusäo houve elevaçäo significante dos níveis de ATIII (* = p < 0,02, teste de Friedman), que se manteve até o 4§ dia. Näo houve alteraçäo dos demais parâmetros de coagulaçäo. CONCLUSÕES. O uso de concentrado de ATIII na dose utilizada é suficiente para elevar os níveis desse inibidor na hepatopatia; entretanto, com essa dose näo se obteve normalizaçäo de seus níveis. Esses dados sugerem que doses mais elevadas devem ser usadas em pacientes com hepatopatias graves, que apresentam näo apenas reduçäo de síntese, mas aumento de consumo dos fatores da coagulaçäo e de seus inibidores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Antithrombin III/therapeutic use , Blood Coagulation Disorders/therapy , Liver Cirrhosis , Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Antithrombin III , Fibrinogen , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/complications , Hepatolenticular Degeneration/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/complications , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Platelet Count , Prothrombin Time
8.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 29(6): 797-803, jun. 1996. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-181415

ABSTRACT

The uptake and degradation of the alpha2macroglobulin-trypsin (alpha2m-trypsin) complex have been studied using isolated liver cells but not in the liver as a whole. We report the clearance of the complex by the isolated and exsanguinated liver of Wistar male rats, weighing 150-280 g, and compare it with that of the free enzyme. The hepatic clearance of the alpha2m-trypsin complex follows a pattern with a distribution phase followed by an elimination phase, which contrasts with that of trypsin where only the distribution phase is observed. The extraction of trypsin from the perfusate is Ca2+ -independent (156 + 14 pmol/g liver in the presence of 2.5 mM Ca2+, N = 9, versus 140 + 8 pmol/g liver in its absence, N = 7) and is not affected by 100 mM NH4Cl (152 + 7 pmol/g liver, N = 6), 100 U/ml heparin (164 + 14 p/mol/g liver, N = 5), 30 mul/ml carbon particle suspension (150 + 13 pmol/g liver, N = 7) or an acute-phase situation induced by turpentine (125 + 10 pmol/g liver, N = 6) (P>0.05, ANOVA). The hepatic clearance of the alpha2m-trypsin complex is Ca2+ -dependent (1.8 + 0.2 ml/min in the presence of Ca2+, N = 8, versus 0.6 + 0.03 ml/min in its absence, N = 4), affected by NH4Cl (<0.1 ml/min, N = 7), heparin (1.1 + 0.2 ml/min, N = 6) and the acute-phase (0.6 + 0.1 ml/min, N = 6) but bot by the carbon particle suspension (1.8 + 0.2 ml/min, N = 7). These results show that trypsin is not internalized by hepatocytes (no NH4Cl effect) or Kupffer cells (no carbon particle effect) and that the alpha2m-trypsin complex is internalized in a Ca2+ -dependent process by hepatocytes, but not by Kupffer cells, and is affected by an acute-phase reaction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , alpha-Macroglobulins/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Trypsin/metabolism , Acute-Phase Reaction , alpha-Macroglobulins/isolation & purification , Kallikreins/isolation & purification , Immunodiffusion , Perfusion , Rats, Wistar , Trypsin/isolation & purification
9.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 41(6): 367-72, nov.-dez. 1995. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-163852

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO. Estudar a depuraçao de glicoproteína, e calicreína plasmática, pelo fígado de ratos com cirrose descompensada. MATERIAL E MÉTODO. Produçao de cirrose pela administraçao de tetracloreto de carbono, 520 mg/kg de peso corporal, uma vez por semana, intragastricamente, durante 16 a 19 semanas. Após o período de tratamento cada fígado foi isolado, exsanguinado e perfundido a 37 graus Celsius com calicreína plasmática de rato (CPR) 10nM. A velocidade de depuraçao da CPR na cirrose foi comparada com a de grupos-controle. RESULTADOS. 58 por cento dos animais morreram durante o tratamento. Os sobreviventes desenvolveram prostraçao, ascite, icterícia e sangramentos; ao final do período de tratamento as aminotransferases séricas eram normais e a albumina sérica diminuída. A histologia hepática (hematoxilina-eosina e coloraçao para reticulina) mostrou cirrose no grupo tratado. A velocidade de depuraçao hepática da CPR no grupo cirrótico (5,4 + 0,9pmol/g fígado/10 min) foi significativamente menor (p < 0,05) do que no grupo controle (13,5 + 2,7pmol/g fígado/10min). CONCLUSAO. O desenvolvimento de cirrose descompensada acompanha-se de diminuiçao da capacidade hepática de depurar glicoproteína, que é internalizada por endocitose mediada por receptor.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Kallikreins/analysis , Carbon Tetrachloride/administration & dosage , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/physiopathology , Liver/metabolism , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Body Weight/drug effects , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Organ Size/drug effects , Perfusion , Prognosis , Rats, Wistar
10.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 40(4): 271-5, out.-dez. 1994.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-147237

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo säo feitas consideraçöes sobre alguns aspectos da pós-graduaçäo na área médica: 1) conceito de pós-graduaçäo stricto sensu do médico (que já sendo MD pretende um segundo título de doutor, o PhD); 2) importância da iniciaçäo científica (para abreviar a pós-graduaçäo stricto sensu), e 3) características do programa de pós-graduaçäo (que, tendo por objetivo formar o pesquisador, tem características distintas das dos cursos de graduaçäo, de especializaçäo e de aperfeiçoamento), do orientador (que deve ter linha consolidada de pesquisa), do doutor em formaçäo (que deve desenvolver seu potencial de criatividade) e da tese a ser realizada (que deve gerar trabalho publicado em revista internacionalmente indexada)


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical, Graduate/organization & administration , Research/education , Academic Dissertation , Mentors
12.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 27(8): 2033-41, Aug. 1994.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-143629

ABSTRACT

1. The liver is the main organ clearing both plasma and tissue kallikereins from the circulation. Hepatocytes are responsible for the internalization of rat plasma kallikrein (RPK) and liver cell is located on its heavy chain which is not exposed on prokallikrein. An S-type lectin accounts for the receptor-mediated endocytosis of TPK. 2. These properties of the liver are affected by pathological situations, particularly the acute-phase response to inflammation, in which the kallikrein-kinin system plays a major role. The hepatic clearance of the alfa2-macroglobulin-plasma kallikrein complex is less efficient than the clearance of the free enzyme


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Kallikreins/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , alpha-Macroglobulins/metabolism , Endocytosis , Pyrogens , Acute-Phase Reaction/chemically induced , Acute-Phase Reaction/metabolism , Turpentine
16.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 24(1): 63-5, jan.-mar. 1991. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-99582

ABSTRACT

Rat plasma kallikrein (RPK) is a serine protease that circulates as an inactive precursor, prokallikrein, and once activated is efficiently cleared by the liver by a carbohydrate-dependent, Ca2+ - independent mecanism. Seven hepatic lectin systems have been described for mammals but not all of these animal lectins are expressed in the avian liver. Using a liver perfusion system we compared the plasmakallikrein clearance of rats (N=10) and pigeons (N+4). Our results show that the lectin responsible for the hepatic clearance of plasma kallikrein is also present in pigeon liver and that this organ clears the enzyme with an efficiency (11.4 ñ 1.3 pmol/g,20 min) similar to that of the rat liver (10.0 ñ 0.7 pmolg, 20 min)_


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Liver/metabolism , Kallikreins/blood , Columbidae , Kallikreins/metabolism , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Receptors, Mitogen/pharmacology
17.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 23(5): 409-15, 1990. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-91930

ABSTRACT

1. The clearance of plasma kallikrein bu the isolated and perfused liver of rats chronically intoxicated with ethanol was studied. Alcohol was added to the diet as 36% of total calories, and the animals were kept on this diet for 5-7 weeks. 2. The hepatic clearance of plasma kallikrein by these rats (uptake half-life, 15 ñ 2 min; N = 3) was similar to that observed in the control groups (normal diet, iptake half-life, 14 ñ 2 min; N = 5, or normal diet with sucrose added as 36% of total calories, uptake half-life, 16 ñ 3 min; N = 4). 3. These results provided indirect evidence that the endocystosis mechanism of plasma kallikrein by the liver differs from that descrived for glycoproteins which use the galactosyl receptor, since liver endocystosis via this latter system is reduced by chronic alcohol intoxication


Subject(s)
Rats , Kallikreins/pharmacokinetics , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Liver/metabolism , Diet , Endocytosis , Kallikreins/blood , Liver/pathology , Rats, Wistar
18.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 23(6/7): 511-4, 1990. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-91986

ABSTRACT

We measured the cleaance rate of plasma kallikrein by the liver in three groups of rats: one recently weaned, and two seven weeks old (control and food-restricted groups). The clearance rates were similar in the three groups when expressed as units/g liver. The livers of the recently weaned and food-restricted rats were, however, smaller than those of the controls and consequently their livers cleared plasma kallikrein less efficiently


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Kallikreins/blood , Liver/metabolism , Body Weight , Food Deprivation/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Weaning
19.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 26(5): 237-40, 1984.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-21986

ABSTRACT

No plasma de 20 doentes portadores da forma hepatesplenica da esquistossomose mansonica, assim como no de 18 individuos normais, foram avaliados pre-albumina, pre-calicreina (atividade amidolitica) e protombina-antigeno. Os valores da concentracao plasmatica de pre-albumina obtidos no grupo controle permitiram que se estabelecesse um intervalo de referencia (0,5 - 99,5%) de 97 - 389 mg/I. Valores anormalmente diminuidos de pre-albumina encontrados em 2 dos doentes indicaram nestes uma disfuncao hepatocitica de sintese proteica. Nos 18 doentes restantes a media da pre-albumina (232 +/- 13 mg/1) nao diferiu (p > 0,05) da do grupo controle (243 +/- 11 mg/1) enquanto as medias da atividade de pre-calicreina (34 +/- 1 micro Kat/1) e protrombina (81 +/- 3,0 mg/1) estavam significativamente diminuidos no grupo de esquistossomoticos (p < 0,01).Estes dados nao excluem a possibilidade da pre-calicreina ou da protrombina-antigeno serem marcadores de sintese proteica pelo hepatocito mais sensiveis que a pre-albumina; se entretanto a concentracao plasmatica normal desta proteina indicar preservacao desta funcao, a diminuicao de fatores de coagulacao podera ser secundaria a um "turnover" aumentado dos fatores de coagulacao na forma hepatesplenica da esquistossomose


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Prealbumin , Prekallikrein , Prothrombin , Schistosomiasis
20.
Rev. bras. patol. clín ; 19(1): 8-10, 1983.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-14141

ABSTRACT

A precalicreina plasmatica, pro-enzima que participa do sub-sistema de contato da coagulacao, foi avaliada em 19 doentes portadores da forma compensada da esquistossomose hepatesplenica, assim como em 9 individuos de grupo controle. A media obtida para o grupo esquistossomotico (24,3 +/- 2,0 microkat/I) foi menor (p<0,05) da que foi obtida para o grupo controle (34,2 +/- 2,2 microkat/I; as medias obtidas para a concentracao plasmatica da albumina nao diferiram (p > 0,05) nos dois grupos estudados. A diminuicao observada na atividade plasmatica da precalicreina pode indicar: 1. ser esta proteina um marcador de sintese hepatocitica mais sensivel que a albumina ou/e 2. a ocorrencia na esquistossomose hepatesplenica de um "turnover" aumentado desta pro-enzima


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Kallikreins , Schistosomiasis , Liver Diseases, Parasitic , Schistosoma mansoni
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